Mangrove forests are vital habitats that provide multiple benefits to the environment, society, and economy, such as habitat provision, carbon dioxide fixation, and coastal erosion control. However, anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, agriculture, urbanization, and aquaculture operations increase the threats they face. These activities may jeopardize the health and purity of water by disposing of a wide range of pollutants in mangrove habitats.

 The key challenge is to determine the extent and manner in which anthropogenic activities degrade the safety and quality of mangrove water. While many studies have focused on specific contaminants or the impact on certain areas, there is a crucial need for an evaluative factor that includes multiple aspects, different spatial scales, and a variety of anthropogenic stressors.

 This study aims to provide an overview of the effects of human activities on mangrove water quality and safety, incorporating physical, chemical, and biological principles. It seeks to offer well-founded insights and rational recommendations for ensuring the safety of these crucial ecosystems for current and future generations.